Global climate change is responsible for the increasing frequency of Essay

Global climate change is responsible for the increasing frequency of severe weather - Essay Example The message from top climate scientists who gathered in Japan is louder than ever. In a statement issued by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Patricia Lankao warns of the dangers of thinking that the climate changes in the polar region is a danger just to polar bears in a far land. According to the scientists, climate change effects are nearer that imagined. It is now beyond melting ice, endangered animals and plants, it has escalated to more real issues such as droughts, hunger, diseases, and refugees (Borenstein par 5). The report further states that the present situation as observed by scientist is due to the increase in heat waves across continents such as Asia, Africa, North America and Europe. This increase has led to severity of damaging floods like the one experienced in Mozambique that displaced 90,000 people in 2008. Such floods have increased in Africa and Australia much as there is an increase in down pour felt in Europe and North America. Changes in the climate have also impacted on the change in livelihoods of people living in Northern Canada (Borenstein par. 7). According to Chuck (par. 2), the livelihoods of the Inuit (Indigenous people living in the Artic circle) are changing. For example solid ice that used to serve as a road for the hunters have become unpredictable in recent years as it has melted into water. Now they have to use their dogs to pull boats into the water instead of sledging through the ice as before. As explained by Box who has been studying the Arctic in the last 20 years, the amount of ice discharged into the ocean has double in the past 10 years. This melt down is not just experienced in the arctic region but also in other areas such as the Alps, Himalaya and Peru. The burning of gas, oil, and coal releases heat trapping green house gases such as carbon dioxide, leading to warmer

Media and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media and Society - Essay Example In the case of children Chaves describes that children who have a greater exposure to violent movies choose to play violent games whereas others who do not watch television do not follow the same pattern. This clearly indicates that there is a very strong relationship between a person's behavior and his exposure to media. To further evidence this Wilson's researches are also very useful. Wilson in his research has referred to the Social cognitive theory according to which a child learns and absorbs whatever he sees and is exposed to and modifies his behavior accordingly. Wilson supported his statement by saying that children are really impressed by the super heroes and they try to act like them and as the super heroes have an aggressive behavior hence the children also do. These findings are even more supported by the experiments carried by Hussmann who collected two groups of children exposing one of them to violent movies whereas the other group was not. It was then analyzed that t he children exposed to violent movies developed an aggressive behavior whereas the others did not (Wilson). Media not only affects the behavior of a person but also his habits. Attractive advertisements of different foods attract a person and hence drive a person to eating different types of junk foods. Hence according to chaves such exposure has led to greater instances of obesity. According to chaves experiments media has also played a role in the increased number of smokers belonging to all age groups. The different promotions in magazines, internet and the televisions have grabbed the minds of many viewers and especially children who easily get fascinated while watching people they adore smoking and hence develop such habits themselves. In a similar manner this has also led to an increase in alcohol consumption and use of drugs. Though there is not much evidence to support the fact that media has also driven into early sexual activity but Chaves believed that this is also one of the negative impact that the media has created. Things that were considered to be difficult to talk about are now more easily communicated and talked about because of the exposure to media. Apart from obesity media has also led to other medical problems. Women who become obsessed with models try to become like them and the drive to become slim like them makes them psychological patients pushing them towards anorexia. Heroines and models have started to make females more conscious of their physical appearance than before and this can be harmful for many of them leading to many psychological problems. Wilson gave strong evidences that violence is very common in today's world. Wilson observed that news is the most common mean of media which exposes violence. This argument clearly shows that according to the writer our society is full of violence and aggressive behaviors since the news exposes the real but exaggerated picture of our society and crimes. The exposure of such crimes and violent behaviors are resulting in violent and aggressive attitudes of youth and is continuously harming our

Why the theories of supply and supply elasticity are important

Why the theories of supply and supply elasticity are important EXPLAIN USING RELEVANT TOURISM, LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY EXAMPLES WHY THE THEORIES OF: -SUPPLY -THE THEORY OF SUPPLY ELASTICITY ARE KEY CONCEPTS IN HELPING US UNDERSTAND AND EXPLAIN WITH OUR INDUSTRY ? This preface provides a comprehensive introduction to the task given for the individual learning outcomes. The Assignment needs to stretch on the Key concepts in understanding the theory of Supply and Supply Elasticity in relevant to Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry (Hotel Industry) . The given assignment encompasses the following, PART 01 The factors which could determine the Demand and Supply of Hotel supplies in United Kingdom. It will cover the Key concepts Elasticity of supply in relevant to Hotel Supplies supplied in United Kingdom Hotel Supplies will include the following- Room Amenities- Bath Accessories, City Information Brochures and Stationeries Imported Food Materials New Zealand lamb Chops, Spices , Seasonal P er I Perishable foods Imported Spirits Expensive wines, Rare Collection Cognac, liqueurs and S Single malt. Maintenance Supplies PART 02 The reasons that firms seek to expand their businesses via internationalisation. Illustrating with Hotel industry of how firms that you have researched have pursued the globalisation objective. All these topics are gradually explained as we go and the key terms are highlighted in the task. The underlying concepts and basic principles are used to design the text. Introduction The hospitality industry is major service sector in the world economy. The industry encompasses an extensive variety of service industries that include food service, tourism and hotels. The hospitality industry is a 3.5 trillion Pound service sector within the global economy. London has been named the 2012 for International Games.There are a multitude of benefits for London hosting the Olympics, biggest of them is Hotel revenue in terms of Revenue, which means Demand for Hotels are already forecasted. The demand for the hotels in any market is determined basically by the amount of travellers inflow in that place. This study may examine the relationship between the Supply and the factors affecting the hospitality sector using some of the theories adapted from Mr. Don Burton notes. Reference: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com SUPPLY CONNOTE The term Supply states the total amount of the product that producers are willing and able to provide at a particular price over a given period of time. Here willingness is the keyword and this is determined using various analytical factors in ones mind. The hotel business faces the complexity in the commission of managing the chronological demand for its products put on show for the rest of the world. Also the supply of rooms has outpaced the demand over the last decade. Especially in the United Kingdom, since it is the worlds first industrialised country and stands sixth in the world economy with the power of purchasing parity has to follow some theories in order to sustain healthy in their competitive environment And as per the fact in 2012 the hotels in UK needs to offer 1 million rooms, the demand in the near future is high. The hotels have two basic means of achieving sustainable competitive advantage within their product market by focussing on low price and to meet the demand the Customers. Reference: http://ezinearticles.com/?cat=Business:International-Business SUPPOSITION OF SUPPLY The regulations of supply declares that, The Law of Supply claims that when other things are equal, the quantity supplied of a good rises when the price of the good rises IMPINGE ON SUPPLY Supply agenda shows the Law of Supply states that as the price of a good rises, the quantity supplied of the good rises, and as the price of a good falls, the quantity supplied of the good falls, ceteris paribus. Simply put, the price of hotel supplies increases the supply to the hotel also increases, when price of Hotel Supplies falls then the supply to the Hotel is also reduced. This is done because the Supplier has invested his opportunity cost in other sources. The Graph illustrates when demand for Hotel room is high the quantity supplied of Hotel Supplies are also high when compared to 2010. Source: http://www.hotelnewsnow.com/Articles.aspx FACTORS AFFECTING SUPPLY There are various factors that may affect the Supply of the hotels either undeviating or deviating. These are some notable direct factors such prices of relevant resources, technology, prices of other goods, number of sellers, expectations of future price, taxes and subsidies, and government restrictions.. This is bulleted below in detail, Prices of relevant resources Technology Prices of other goods Number of sellers Expectations of future price Taxes and subsidies Government restrictions Source Roger. A Arnold, Economics, 4th Edition, Page No.72 FACTORS WHICH CAUSES CHANGE IN SUPPLY PRICES OF RELEVANT RESOURCES Resources are needed to produce goods. For example, Source is Steak when the price of Steak gone down, then the hotel will purchase and stock more of steak to sell more steaks in hotels which increases the supply of Steak. In that case Supply Curve will move towards rightward. If there is no resource, that is less steak available thus creating less supply of rooms. Consequently, the preparation of steak will decrease, and the supply curve will shift leftward. TECHNOLOGY Most of the western countries have their usage of advanced technology to serve the hotel companies better. The development and in place highly integrated business processes technologies and system are definite. The hotels states the objective in promoting the hotel interface technologies such as property management system, point of sales system, video on demand security and access control which improves Hotel supplies efficiently and effectively. Therefore, the supply curve will shift to the right. PRICES OF OTHER GOODS When change in the price of one good can lead to a change in the supply of another good For example the Lobster price increases dues to worst climatic conditions making lobster unavailable in market then supply of Fish Increases. Lobster Fish Price Case- 1 Case -2 Quantity NUMBER OF SELLERS If more sellers begin producing a particular good, perhaps because of high profits, the supply curve will shift rightward. If some sellers stop producing a particular good, perhaps because of losses, the supply curve will shift leftward. EXPECTATIONS OF FUTURE PRICE If the price of a good is expected to be higher in the future, then producers may hold back some of the Hotel essential supplies today. Then they will have more to sell at the higher future price.. TAXES AND SUBSIDIES Some taxes increase per-unit costs. Suppose tax on Liqour is increased and producer is suppose to pay 2 pounds per Bottle. This tax leads to a leftward shift in the supply curve, indicating that the manufacturer wants to produce and offer to sell few of Liqour at each price. If the tax is eliminated, the supply curve shifts rightward. Subsidies have the opposite effect. Suppose the government subsidizes the production of Rice by paying wheat farmers 3 pounds for every bushel of wheat they produce. Because of the subsidy, the quantity supplied of rice is greater at each price, and the supply curve of Rice shifts rightward. Removal of the subsidy shifts the supply curve of corn leftward. Government Restrictions The government restrictions affects import of hotel supplies for international market, For example stricter Import duties implies adverse affect on hotel essentials thus giving less Output, the supply to the guest will be restricted with available foods. In this case the Supply curve moves towards left. Reference: Roger A Arnold, Economics, 2008 edition, P.No-71 PART B Price elasticity of supply When price changes, there will be not only a change in the quantity demanded, but also a change in the quantity supplied. Frequently we will want to know just how responsive quantity supplied is to a change in price. The measure we use is the price elasticity of supply.( PeS ) In simple terms the responsiveness of quantity supplied to a change in price. is called Price Elasticity of Supply. When it relates to hotel industry the responsiveness of Hotel supplier to a change in price of the product. The supply to hotel supplies in market will depends on change in price of hotel supplies in market or price offered by the Competitors. supplies Hotel Quantity Demanded The figure shows two supply curves. Curve S 2 is more elastic between any two prices than curve S 1. Thus, when price of Hotel Supplies rises from P 1 to P 2 there is a larger increase in quantity supplied of Hotel Supplies with S 2 (namely, Q 1 to Q 3 ) than there is with S 1 (namely, Q 1 to Q 2 ). For any shift in the demand curve there will be a larger change in quantity supplied of Hotel Supplies and a smaller change in price of Hotel Supplies with curve S 2 than with curve S 1. Thus the effect on price and quantity of a shift in the demand curve will depend on the price elasticity of supply. Reference : Roger. A Arnold, Economics, 2008 Edition, Page No.57 Source : http://economics.about.com INTERPRETATION OF SUPPLY CURVE Source : A. M. Shella , Economies of Hotel management , 2002 edition, P- No.91 KEY CONCEPTS IN DETERMINING THE PES WITH HOTEL SUPPLIES ARE FACTORS AFFECTING PES Spare production capacity When there is plenty of spare capacity  then the business will increase its output and therefore the Hotel Supplies supply will Elastic in response to Demand. Stocks of finished products and components If the stocks are products are high in the market supply will be elastic. Conversely when Hotel Supplies stocks are low, supply will be inelastic in response to a change in demand. The ease and cost of factor substitution If both capital and labour resources are  occupationally mobile  then the elasticity of supply for a Hotel Supplies is higher than if capital and labour cannot easily and quickly be switched 4) Time period involved in the production process Supply is more price elastic the longer the  time period  that a firm is allowed to adjust its production levels. The  momentary supply  is fixed and is determined mainly by planting decisions made months before, and also climatic conditions, which affect the overall production yield. Source: http://www.amosweb.com FACTORS DETERMINING PES Two factors that affect the numerical value of the price elasticity of supply are The Amount that costs rises as output Rises and time period of analysis. 1) The Amount that costs rises as output Rises When the Additional cost for producing additional output, this encourages more firms to produce for a given price which is raised, then more elastic will be supply. The lees the conditions apply, the less Elastic will supply be. 2) Analysis of Time Period when time period is longer then the time for analysis is more, responsiveness to the price change. Longer times enables the supplier to find alternatives. Time period are of two Long Run and Short Run. For example, the supply of the Ethnic Restaurants is not very elastic for a period, because Raw material used in production cannot easily switch to other goods. However, given enough time, a year or more, resources can move between productions, resulting in a more elastic supply. Reference: John Sloman Alison Wride, Economics, 7th Edition, Page 58. Conclusion Subsequent to the above text consisting of the Supply theories and its implication we could identify the factors that may directly cause the Supply either Surplus or Shortage. Having said that, the necessities of the supply are proposed transparently combining various abilities and the willingness of the producer and their assumption. Also the producer Supplying behaviour is related to the nations economical status and external factors (Climate, Transport, Trend) in the United Kingdom on the whole. TASK 2 WORD COUNT 1500 ANALYSE THE REASONS THAT FIRMS SEEK TO EXPAND THEIR BUSINESSES VIA INTERNATIONALISATION. HOW FIRMS THAT YOU HAVE RESEARCHED HAVE PURSUED THE GLOBALISATION OBJECTIVE? Introduction Surfacing the fact that the humankind business endeavours eyeing on high levels of branding and marking their presence all over the world by adapting the input called the Internationalisation. Most of the third world nations are now in the realism of making the most out of it, in terms of manpower and technological progression. With the presence of WTO the world trade organisation and its phenomenal support it has even made easier to connect nations across the globe with traditional business evolution in the way it is suppose to be. Having said that, the key concept is globalisation and its revolution in the modern business environment. This perceived text from the research will clarify the concept of internationalisation and the purpose it serves to aid the organisation picked as an example. And will also justify the adaptation on globalisation to pursue the objectives with complete satisfaction. Internationalisation The expression is closely attached with the term economic globalisation. This concept can be rephrased as the integration of national economy in to the international economy. Which is done by trade foreign investment, capital flows, spread of technology and the presence of security. The late 20th century offers the rural sociology and revitalization in the crisis of development theorist. The rising concern in the sustainability reveals the limits of up gradation concept. It is vital that every nation and the business existing should imply the globalization in their environment. Of-course the unrevealing support of the nations involved in the globalisations speaks loud for its own steps forward in the long lasting business era. However internationalisation is commonly recognised and path driven by amalgamation of vital aspects such as Economic Technological Socio cultural political Biological factors. Source: http://www.dadalos.org/globalisation/grundkurs_4.htm This phrase can also be acknowledged for the fact that it is transnational circulation of ideas, languages or cultural variance. These aspects are belonging to the humanity across the world which has gone through the process can be said to globalised. Significance of internationalisation Globalisation has a various aspects which affects the world business in several different ways. The emergence of the concept was very vital and as discussed earlier the positive outcomes are way too longer. It is advised to adhere to the principles of global marketing instances. The swiftness of internationalisation will continue to have a growing impact on business organisations and their practices evenly. Internationalisation hastens the development of the third world countries. Internationalisation of communication has a phenomenal upshot. Internationalisation fetches equalization of income distribution. Internationalisation brings about increased opportunity in the poor countries. Pessimistic values on internationalisation Although the rising concerns in the firms affiliated with the paradigm internationalisation, which has left hardly any hurdles or negative effects relating the organisation with that of its man power resource etc. The developed nations in this modern business environment adapt the policy of outsourcing which happens in manufacturing and white collar jobs. The exploitations of the globalisation have led the child workers usage in atrocious conditions in order to produce cheap good by ignoring safety concerns. Earlier in this business world, the workers had stable jobs but now the people live in constant dread of losing their jobs to competitiveness in the environment.. The world of terrorism has involved them in usage of internet for their global terror information postal. Nevertheless the growing concerns of the firm have witnessed these negative aspects in establishing their brand. Submission of Internationalisation in relation to a hospitality firm. Globalisation is measured in various key aspects and the most immense thought has to be prearranged to the people industry which is called the hospitality trade. This concept is symbolized by the rapid movement of people, information and capital across national borders worldwide. Although this paradigm is a contemporary force with careful definition it is accepted. Global expansion with common product and branding position are in place to acquire the establishment in control. Sales and marketing of the firm programming in such a way they capture the global economy. Organisational structures that allow delivery of service with local operational control and the usage of world capital market as a primary source of funding. Quilon a personification in the task Succeeding to the illustration and the task given, in which the concept of internationalisation is completely implemented and has witnessed a global accolades for its idea. Quilon the hospitality firm being an example for the task given demonstrates certain prolific dimension to the global restaurant chains. A group of TAJ HOTELS RESORTS Concerning Quilon As a part of an iconic Indian hotel group called the the Taj hotels and resorts Established in 1903, Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is one of Asias largest and finest group of hotels, comprising 61 hotels in 42 locations across India with an additional 16 international hotels in the UK, Maldives, Mauritius, Malaysia, Australia, USA, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Africa and the Middle East. From world-renowned landmarks to modern business hotels, idyllic beach resorts to authentic Rajput palaces, each Taj hotel offers an unrivalled fusion of warm Indian hospitality, world-class service and modern luxury. As they march on in the United Kingdom and established two hotels out of which the crown plaza has the significant Michelin starred restaurant named Quilon. Three other considerations in global expansion for Quilon Restaurant (A Taj Group) Source : Managing the Multinational Enterprise, John M Stopford, P.no 697 Strategic scope for Quilon Global perception is a matter of survival of the business. That is why a strategy is formed to drive the organisation to attain its penultimate vision of a firm. In the following text lets notify the significant features or strategy adopted by the hospitality firm which I have chosen in order to showcase the firms benefit in using the paradigm internationalisation as a business tool. Quilon has adopted Porters diamond theory of international competitive advantage identifies a diamond of four interrelated areas within a nation that assist that country to be more competitive in international markets the four areas being factor conditions, competing firms within the country, support industries of the country and home demand. Source: Porter, M E (1990) The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Macmillan, P.No 691 1) FACTOR CONDITIONS The success of Quilon was depended on the national governments willingness to invest in these areas over long periods of time. Porter emphasised that competitiveness was not just a matter of comparative advantage. Resources can also be home-grown and specialised. Thus, goes well beyond natural resources but can assist in delivering national competitiveness. The Quilon has managed to take competitive advantage on UK market with resources being efficiently used for its establishment has No.1 Ethnic Indian Restaurant. 2) RELATED AND SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES Internationally competitive suppliers and other related industries represent a critical resource for international success. Clusters of such industries, each offering expertise and world-class service, can be vital. For example, Quilon (THE TAJ GROUP) relies on its world success not just from Hospitality sector but on a range of other products like Food Products, Automobile, Steel and Telecom. 3) FIRM STRATEGY, STRUCTURE AND RIVALRY Fierce national competition will drive innovation, force down costs and develop new methods of competing that can then be used internationally by the same companies. Similarly, the Quilon success in Uk was its strength of the highly competitive home market. In Asia the parent company of Quilon has TATA GOUP has established major share of Indian Market. TAG group in UK Hospitality sector has first started with TETLY tea 51 BUKINGHAM PALACE HOTEL and BOMBAY BRAISSIERE which helped Quilon to survive rivalry between the competitors. Source : http://uk.tata.com/ 4) DEMAND CONDITIONS Highly sophisticated and demanding Customers in a nations home market will drive up innovation and quality. Quilon Authentic food with taste and quality created demand among the customer which resulted in tailoring the Menu and delivering the innovate food within the Market. Which awarded Quilon with One Michelin Star for the Quality Delivered. In addition, there are two other factors that are important : 1. The role of Government- Quilon stages of improvement can be influenced by the government regulatios and subsidies. 2. The role of Chance Events The competitive advantage of Quilon can shift in unpredictable ways by various reasons like Recession, Oil price rise and So on. Source: Managing the Multinational Enterprise by John M Stopford, P.No-707 Quilon (The TAJ Group) Market Portfolios The Taj group examines its existing Hospitality portfolio and decides whether new products are necessary. Initially, the firm may provide additional products and services for the domestic market before expanding into international markets . Alternatively, the company may decide to internationalize on the basis of a single successful product. Source : MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS PRACTICES, Tim Hannagan, 4th Edition, P.No- 43 More frequently firms expand internationally by first developing a portfolio of products with the ultimate objective of entering numerous international markets. This was the approach followed initially by Taj Group when it first decided to internationalize. The company built up a portfolio of Hotels and restaurant before venturing abroad. Less frequently firms expand rapidly into many international markets first with a single product and only later do they develop a full portfolio of products. 51 Buckingham Gate was the first international property from the luxury group Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces which was acquired in 1982, formerly known as St Jamess Court Hotel. After the success of 51 Buckingham Gate, they expanded their hospitality sector by Opening Quilon Restaurant and Bombay Brassiere by 1903. Conclusion: Conversely speaking it is incumbent on all hotel organizations that have aspirations to develop brand names across national boundaries to understand what globalization means. A truly global enterprise will have the ability to react quickly to market opportunities, no matter where they present themselves by applying business concepts that have been proven in the context of a global undertaking. In a world moving more and more towards globalization, hotel organizations will need to communicate more quickly, operate more productively, offer their employees greater opportunity and deliver their customers enhanced benefits. Those companies that address these issues today will be better prepared for the global market space of tomorrow.

Forest Application Vs. Agricultural Application Essay -- Nature Sludge

Forest Application Vs. Agricultural Application There is increasing interest in using forest systems for the treatment of wastewater sludge. Forest application offers several advantages over agricultural application. There is usually a long period of time between the application and removal of the crop. This gives an opportunity for organic compounds to decompose. Another advantage is that there is less of a chance that organic or inorganic compounds will enter the food chain after harvest. Trees benefit from sewage sludge through increased growth rates. In an oak forest in northern Michigan, sludge was applied at a rate of 8 Mg dry solids/ha to provide 400 kg/ha of nitrogen. Tree diameter growth was increased by 63% over areas that had no application (Nguyen et al. 1986). In loblolly pine stands in South Carolina, basal area growth was increased by 46% and tree volume by 33% by the application of sludge (McKee et al. 1986). Sludge increases the productivity of understory vegetation on poor-quality sites. Herbivorous animals benefit for the increased quantity and quality of vegetation(increased phosphorous and protein levels)(Haufler and West 1986). Sludge may be applied to all ages of forest, from clearcuts to mature forest. However, each growth stage has advantages and disadvantages. Clearcuts offer economical application, since temporary spray irrigation or solid spreaders may be used. The disadvantage is that applying high nutrient levels will increase weed growth and subsequent small mammal populations, making establishment of trees difficult. Application to young forests eliminates tree survival problems. However, overhead application is required due to small tree heights. This dictates that application be d... ...es. In Cole, D. W, C. L. Henry, and W. L. Nutter, eds. The Forest Alternative for Treatment and Utilization of Municipal and Industrial Wastes. University of Washington Press. Seattle, Washington. Nguyen, P. V., J. B. Hart,Jr., and D. M . Merkel. 1986. Municipal sludge fertilization on oak forests in Michigan: Short-term nutrient changes and growth responses. In Cole, D. W, C. L. Henry, and W. L. Nutter, eds. The Forest Alternative for Treatment and Utilization of Municipal and Industrial Wastes. University of Washington Press. Seattle, Washington. Red, J. T., and W. L. Nutter. 1986. Municipal wastewater renovation on a coastal plain, slash pine land treatment system. In Cole, D. W, C. L. Henry, and W. L. Nutter, eds. The Forest Alternative for Treatment and Utilization of Municipal and Industrial Wastes. University of Washington Press. Seattle, Washington.

Com 220 Prison Overcrowding Harms Everyone

Prison Overcrowding Harms Everyone March 18, 2009 Com 220 Axia College of University of Phoenix Did you know that the USA with 5% of the world's population has 25% of its prisoners, making it the world's no#1 jailer? The most recent statistics from the Department of Justice states that 1 out of every 30 men between the ages of 20 and 34 has been jailed. Most likely, every person in the USA has either been incarcerated or knows someone who was. At the start of 2008, 2,319,258 adults were being held in prison or jail and this number keeps growing. Because of the immense population of inmates, most facilities are overcrowded. To make room for all these inmates, correction departments have resorted to housing prisoners in tents, hallways, and gymnasiums. Below is a picture from USA Today of inmates being housed in a gymnasium. Locking up so many people in these overcrowded conditions creates serious emotional, physical, and mental problems for inmates and causes prisons to be even more dangerous. Due to these conditions, the prisoner winds up worst upon release than when they came in. (Smolowe and Blackman 1994) In addition to the overcrowding problem, there is a huge financial strain to keep these facilities operating. To incarcerate only California’s prisoners, it costs more than $7. 6 million dollars a day. While funding for education and public assistance decreases, the prison budget maintains growth. One would think that for all the important resources we take money away from to invest in prisons, we would see some positive results, but unfortunately the USA has the highest crime rate in the world. Locking up so many people causes serious overcrowding problems making rehabilitation next to impossible. Overcrowded prisons harm the rest of the population by breaking apart families, spreading diseases, and wasting valuable resources on a system that is not reducing the crime rate. (Clark 1994) The overcrowded prisons have a negative and dangerous impact on its residents’ physical well-being. Deadly and infectious diseases like HIV, hepatitis, and tuberculoses commonly exist in America’s prisons. With very few doctors available, many prisoners are not even aware that they are infected and go untreated. Every year, more than 1. 5 million inmates are released back into the society, infected. Once released, they spread these deadly diseases to their families and communities. As long as prisons remain understaffed, inmates and the rest of society will suffer. (USA Today) Insufficient staffing makes it impossible for prisoners to go through a detailed screening process. The monitoring, screening, and managing of vulnerable or problematic inmates are rarely maintained. Many times dangerous and mentally ill prisoners, untreated and undiagnosed, are put into the main population where they have a negative effect on other inmates as well as themselves. Prisoners are no longer put into facilities that best match their needs; instead they are squeezed into whichever facility has room. This environment is conducive to violence. Many times prisoners are assaulted and even raped by others because staff is not readily available to control the situation. Besides an increased chance of being victimized, research has shown that understaffed jails have more suicides than ones that are properly proportioned. (Haney 3-4) Overcrowding has created a dangerous atmosphere that has forced staff to focus on keeping order rather than worrying about meeting prisoners’ basic needs. Overcrowding has caused many staff members to fear for their personal safety and to look at prisoners with disdain. They are equipped with many lethal and non-lethal weapons to keep them safe and in some jurisdictions rifles and shotguns are carried inside cell blocks. In California, armed guards are kept inside housing units and authorized to respond to inmate disturbances with lethal force. Even while theses inmates sleep, they are kept under gun surveillance. (Haney 11) Education and work programs conducive to rehabilitation are being done away with to pay for room for more prisoners. These programs are necessary because the majority of prisoners are illiterate. A study conducted back in 1992 concluded that about 70% of prisoners were functionally illiterate or illiterate. The Bureau of Justice reported that in the 1990’s, 40% of the prisoners had no job assignments at all, that 40% had menial prison duties like laundry, and only 7% were involved in some type of industry program. This means that little is being done to help prisoners make a smooth transition back into society. Once released, prisoners will have a record that any future job prospects will frown upon. Without any kind of job training it is unlikely that ex-convicts will ever get hired. Many times, released prisoners who are faced with this dilemma, go right back to prison because they resort back to the same illegal practices of receiving money that got them arrested in the first place. When programs are taken away, it tends to increases the violence and frustration amongst inmates. (Haney 5, 7-8) Many people find it hard to sympathize for inmates who are victims of violence, bad health care, or rape because the victims are criminals and many people believe they deserve to be punished. I have heard many people make light of the current prison conditions by telling jokes about Bubba violating men in the shower that drop the soap. What many people do not realize is that it is not just hard core rapists and murderers populating the prisons, in fact, about half of the prison population is serving time for non-violent crimes. Now-a-days one can be incarcerated for certain motor-vehicle infractions and there have been numerous occasions of innocent people being incarcerated. The following chart depicts the types of crimes prisoners were serving time for, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics for 2005. USA Today NID) (Haney 4) Mandatory sentencing is a major contributing factor to the prison overcrowding problem and should be eliminated. Aaron Clarence is a perfect example of why mandatory sentencing should be done away with. Aaron was a 22 year-old college student when he was sentenced to life in prison without parole for a first-time nonviolent drug conviction. The local U. S. attorney charged Aaron with dealing crack cocaine, drugs that he never even touched. What did he do? He accepted $1,500 to introduce a couple of drug dealers and one of the dealers robbed the other. Aaron was pulled out of class months later and charged because one of the dealers claimed Aaron was a big-time drug dealer. No other evidence besides the testimony of the dealer, who benefitted by getting a reduced sentence for his testimony was given. Aaron is spending the rest of his life in prison. (Saunders 2004) The conservative approach to crime, investing in new prisons and jailing our way to a lower crime rate is not working. Now is the time that we realize that this approach is unaffordable and does not decrease the crime rate. Now is the time that different strategies to reduce over crowdedness are looked into. Barbara Flicker argues that a more thorough screening process to determine who to incarcerate or not, needs to be implemented at each stage. The prosecutor, judges, jail administrators, and probation officers should use other resources besides prisons like: unconditional release, third-party custody, a treatment center, bail, probation supervision, electronic surveillance, or work-release programs for non-violent and lesser crimes. Now is time that we stopped punishing all the different types of crimes that are out there by the same method. Many times drug offenders are locked up in the same facilities as pedophiles and are serving more time than them. (1990) (Smolowe and Blackman 1994) The current prison system is in desperate need of change. Prisons are supposed to be a deterrent to crime but this not the outcome. Now is the time that people realize that what goes on in prison affects everyone in society. About 95% of prisoners will be released back into society at one point. We need to ask ourselves, â€Å"Do we want these people released back into our communities without any kind of rehabilitation or worse off than they started out? Are people being sentenced to life for committing a misdemeanor fair? Is it right to deprive money from schools and the community to finance a system that does not work? † If your answer to these questions is no, then now is the time for action. Discussing the situation is the first step. Many people openly discuss the school system and other facilities that our tax dollars contribute to, and overlook the prison system which takes much more money to run. Many people are unaware of the overcrowded conditions or mandatory sentencing until someone they care about is affected. People need to be made aware in order for change to happen. Read about outrageous prison sentences like Aaron Clarence’s that have been handed out. Write to a local politician explaining concerns about the problems in our current prison system. If nothing is done, and this lock-them-up trend continues, half the adult population will experience the inside of a prison or jail. (Will 1998) Reference Page Clark, C. S. (1994, February 4). Prison Overcrowding. CQ Researcher, 4, 97-120. Retrieved March 6, 2009 From CQ Researcher Online Flicker, B. (1990 February). To Jail or Not to Jail. ABA Journal. Retrieved February 13, 2009. From Business Source Campus Database. Haney, Craig. Prison Overcrowding: Harmful Consequences and Dysfunctional Reactions. Retrieved February 13, 2009. From http://prisoncommission. org/statement/haney. craig. pdf. Rising prison problems begin to trickle into society. (nid) USA Today. Retrieved February 13, 2009. From Master FILE Premier Database Smolowe, J. , & Blackman, A. (1994 February 7)†¦and throw away the key. (cover story). Time. 143(6). 54. Retrieved February 13, 2009. From Master FILE Premier Database. Saunders, D. (2004 November 28) Free Clarence Aaron. The San Francisco Chronicle (CA) retrieved March 5, 2008 from http://www. ovember. org/Blakely/Saunders11-28- 04. html. Will G. (1998 July 20) A jail break for geriatrics. Newsweek p. 70. Retrieved February 13, 2009. From Master FILE Premier Database. Peer Review Checklist* What is the main point of this paper? | The main point of the paper is the overcrowding of the prison system. | What is the greatest strength of this paper? | The greatest strength of t his paper is all the information provided. The statistics give the reader a chance to actually absorb numbers. | What material does not seem to fit the main point of the paper or does not seem to be appropriate for the audience? I think that all the information fit well into the paper. The statistics were there to represent the prisoners; you provided detailed information on what all the overcrowding did to the staff and others in the prison. You showed cause and affect of what the overcrowding did to the prison system. | Has the author sufficiently addressed counterarguments? Explain your answer. | I think the author sufficiently addressed the counterarguments represented in the paper. I would of like to of seen if there was any suggestions to fixing the problem though. | Where should the author add more details or examples? Explain your answer. | Suggestions on what they could do to fix the problem. Also a few updated statistics. The statistic from 1992 is little old. I would of liked to know if the prisoners are more alliterate now or then. | Where is the writing unclear or vague? | I found the writing to be clear. I did not find it unclear or vague. | What is your favorite part of this piece of writing? | I enjoyed the whole paper. I did not find myself liking one part better than the other. I enjoyed the whole paper. | What other comments can you provide for the author? I found the paper extremely informative. There was a large amount of information that I was not aware of. I would have to suggest that some of the paragraphs like the opener seem to be really long and there is a lot of information in them. I think if you broke them into smaller paragraphs it would make the information stronger for the reader. | *Adapted from Reinking, J. A. , Hart, A. W. , & Von der Osten, R. (2003). Strategies for su ccessful writing: A rhetoric, research guide, reader, and handbook (6th ed. ). Boston: Prentice-Hall/Pearson Custom Publishing.

Analyzing Recreation & Leisure Essay

The therapeutic recreation process is a systematic method of planning and providing services for individuals with disabilities. The process is based on a systems theory approach. The system is designed for a guide for a well-defined, goal-oriented purpose to the activity or program being provided. It involves four phases: assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation. Use of the therapeutic recreation process is not dependent on location, but on systematic and consistent use of assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating services for people with disabilities. The process is applied in settings like hospitals, long-term facilities and useful in leisure education and recreation participation settings, like park and recreation agencies and schools. Delivering therapeutic recreation services in community setting has been successful when the therapeutic recreation process is applied. It is not the setting that determines the use of the therapeutic recreation process, but the needs of the clients. Using the therapeutic recreation process allows the therapeutic recreation specialist to individualize within recreation programs designed specifically for people with disabilities and to systematically develop support plans for inclusive recreation programs. The therapists conducts an assessment that identifies the client’s abilities and limitations by asking a series of questions related to social skills and observing their interactions with their peers. Information is gathered not only for the client, but also from family, caregiver, social worker, friends, and vocational counselor to provide thorough information prior to participation so that the client needs may be addressed. The purpose is to determine the needs of the individual in relation to the independent functioning in recreation settings. Materials include questions designed to determine an individual’s needs related to independent recreation participation. Read more:Â  Essay on Leisure and Recreation in Action Program descriptions clarify activity content, participation requirements, possible risks, and intended outcomes that aid in determining these needs. Thorough and accurate information about the individual is necessary, even when participation is self initiated and voluntary. Without accurate information the quality of an assessment is compromised. Programs and activities may be pre-planned; assessments enable the therapeutic recreation specialist to individualize interventions, accommodations, and teaching strategies within group activities. For example, the leisure education program in which the client is registered may have a group goal to improve socialization skills through participation in group activities, but the client will have a goal more specific to their needs, such as the client will use socially appropriate means to identify deficits in specific activity skill (i. e. sports), as well as general skill (i. e. social skills). In addition, assessments for an individual participating in a specialized recreation program may differ from an assessment used with someone who is interested in participating in an inclusive recreation program. Assessments applied to those participating in separate programs often ask for more detail about the person’s level of functioning that an assessment used to analyze participation in inclusive recreation would. A unique aspect of a community recreation assessment is that it can be a lifelong process. Unlike treatment settings, such as hospitals where a therapeutic recreation specialist may only work with and individual for a brief period of time, people with disabilities who participate in community recreation programs often remain involved in programs for many years. From the assessment of the client’s social skills, the therapist discovered that the client had trouble initiating and sustaining conversations. For example, the client would stand by themselves and watch their peers rather than joining in conversations. When the client’s peers would include them in conversations, the client would walk away. The therapeutic recreation specialist found that the client often feels like they do not know what to say to others. The planning phase of the therapeutic recreation process can guide a therapeutic recreation specialist in developing individualized goals and objective for the client and then select recreation activities to meet the goals and objectives. The planning component is helpful for identifying activities to meet goals and objectives that promote independent recreation functioning. Some activities have the potential for improvement of functioning (i. e. warm water aquatics) in treatment and rehabilitation settings. The therapist selects a twelve week leisure education program that includes social skills training components to meet the objectives outlined for the client. Leisure education focuses on the development and acquisition of leisure-related skills, attitudes, and knowledge so a person can express him/herself through leisure. Community recreation therapeutic recreation programs provide and ideal environment to apply leisure education goals by teaching how to access and utilize community recreation resources, as well as how to develop skills related to independent recreation functioning. The therapists forms goals, develops objectives, specifies activities (i. e. social skills) and determines a means of evaluation. According to Austin and Crawford (1996), the implementation phase of the therapeutic recreation process is the action phase and involves carrying-out the individual or group program plan. The therapeutic recreation specialist carries out the social skills and dance program, focusing on group and individual goals, For example, the group will be taught how to appropriately ask someone to dance and the client will be taught ways to initiate conversations with dance partner. The implementation phase involves coordinating and executing recreation activities proposed in the plan, as well as documenting information about the individual (i. e. his or her responses), the program (i. e. time of day, duration), and the activities (i. e. competitive vs.learning). Implementation of the individual plan in the recreation setting requires focusing to social (i. e. attitudinal), programmatic (i. e. adaptations), and environmental (i. e. accessibility) issues. For example, general recreation programs in which people with disabilities can be included may not be structured to accommodate people with a variety of disabilities. The therapists may implement numerous adaptations or accommodations according to the individual’s disability and have knowledge and skills to make these adaptations to facilitate participation. Other factors that could affect the implementation of the individual plan include inconsistent attendance of a participant with a disability, unanticipated facility/environmental issues, lack of support from family/caregivers, inconsistency of general recreation staff, and inappropriate program placement. The therapist conducts evaluations on the client’s skills at the end of the twelve week program by asking the same series of questions asked in the assessment phase and conducting an observation. The purpose of the evaluation phase is to assess the client’s response to the planned program and the plan’s effectiveness and determine whether revisions are necessary. While conduction the evaluation, the therapists can interview the participant, speak with family members or caregivers, review documentation, administer questionnaires, and observe the participant while engaged in the activity. Conducting a mid-term evaluation will aid in the clients process and help in necessary adjustments to a person’s program plan. Thorough and accurate documentation is a critical component of the evaluation process. An important concern with evaluative documentation in the settings is that the information is made available to others and is ultimately utilized. For example, at the conclusion of the leisure education program, the client may choose to enroll in a new program with different general or therapeutic recreation staff. Assessment and evaluation information should be passed on to the staff of the client’s new program to ensure continuity of goals and objectives. Applying the evaluation phase of the therapeutic recreation process in the therapeutic recreation settings can be advantageous in that information tracking can be done over a long period of time, enabling in-depth, longitudinal evaluations. However, a limitation of conducting the evaluation phase of the therapeutic recreation process I the settings is that pieces of information gathered at different points in time may become fragmented and not unified in one location. The therapist’s role is to compile the various evaluative elements into comprehensive evaluation document to be used across specialized and inclusive contests over time. RESOURCES Austin, D. R. , & Crawford, M. E. (1996). Therapeutic recreation: An introduction. (2nd ed. ). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Howe-Murphy, R. , & Charboneau, B. (1987). Therapeutic recreation intervention: An ecological perspective. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc. Sylvester, C. (Ed. ). (1996). Philosophy of therapeutic recreation: Issues and ideas. Volume II. Ashburn, VA: National Therapeutic Recreation Society Peterson, C. A. , & Gunn, S. L (1984). Therapeutic recreation program design: Principles and procedures. (2nd ed. ). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc RECREATION EVALUATION RCSM 351 12/07/2010 PEGGY PEARSON.

Writing College Essay

Writing College Essay Writing College Essay The tutor may offer you several essay topics. Once the topic is chosen - you are ready for college essay writing.Prior towriting college essay, read the following helpful information. The first or introductory paragraph fulfills several functions: the initial sentence or sentences should lead the reader to the English essay topic by moving from more general statements on the overall subject matter to the actual focus of your college essay. A feasible strategy is to depart from what is commonly known to the reader and then highlight the new and particular aspects which the college essay will contribute to the current of research in the field. These original contributions are pointed out in the so-called thesis statement, which should be part of the introductory paragraph and serve as a first orientation on content, methodology, and structure of your college essay: Writing College Essay Tips One part of the thesis statement has to define the specific focus of the academic essay. It is crucial to narrow down the essay topic in a sensible and practicable way. Good English college essays are characterized by a clearly and convincingly focused topic. Furthermore, the introductory paragraph gives an idea of what aspects of the topic are presented and in what order. This "road map" makes the structure of college essay transparent and comprehensible from the very beginning and, thereby, provides the reader with a basic sense of orientation. Naturally, these individual parts of the thesis statement cannot always be presented separately, since they are often intricately inter-woven with each other. For example, the methodology may already be suggested by the English essay topic, while the road map and the theoretical approach might be interconnected. Therefore, it is be advisable to combine topic and approach, or methodology and road map. The choice of writing strategy is shaped by the individual essay writing skills and preferences. However, it is essential for all three aspects to be clearly stated. College Essay Help College essay writing is a complex work. It requires assiduity and attentiveness. You have to spend a lot of time in the college library looking for information.Sometimes ordering college essay online may help student to avoid the rush. gives you the chance to enjoy other activities while the college essay is written for you by professional writer. You are welcome to request unlimited number of revisions and claim free plagiarism report. In addition, our blog with numerous tips on writing essays is absolutely free! You will find a lot of pages on term paper, coursework, dissertation,and other types of academic writing. Popular posts: Thesis Writing Tips Cold War History Essay English Essay Writing Good Essay Topics World Hunger Essay

Environmental Education Standard - Conflict Essays - Free Essays

Environmental Education Standard - Conflict Essays - Free Essays Environmental Education Standard - Conflict The Key to Life or Death: An Environmental Education Standard Joe woke up one morning and looked out his window. What he saw startled him: a barren landscape, a desolate land for miles, and the absence of vegetation. He got up, rubbed his eyes, and thought what he witnessed was all part of a dream. Joe walked outside, only to be thrown back by the horrendous smell of toxic chemicals, heat generated from the greenhouse effect and gruesome after effects of acid rain. There are rusted and eroded cars lying around; millions of dead ants scour the baked topsoil. His final thought, before he radioactively melted, how did this all happen? Life on earth could possibly be like this if people do not change their ways in which they handle the environment. If people do not change their current treatment of the environment, a desolate uninhabitable earth will replace this pristine planet. The scientific facts are there to support that we have been destroying our environment, funding is out there to support groups to help the environment, and educational programs are in place to bring awareness. So why are humans still hurting the earth? One possibility is the teachers. It seems that the educators do not teach about conservation or how to save the environment. Their reasoning stems from the fact that the teaching materials are controversial and confusing. If it is not the teachers, then it must be the educational materials. In order to bring about changes to peoples treatment of the environment, universal standards in the curriculum and methodology of environmental education must be developed and implemented at the educational level. Governments throughout the globe fund projects to increase ecological awareness through environmental education; unfortunately, the education being taught is riddled with problems. The problem with people is that there is so much confusion and conflicting opinions about both environmental issues and environmentally responsible behavior (Smith-Se bato 33). The confusion arises because, on one hand, critics of environmental education say that people are being fed doomsday visions of the future and biased and incomplete scientific information about everything, while advocates have stated that the education that people receive are sensible and give a better understanding of human impacts on the environment (Schimdt 1828). These doomsday visions misinform people by telling them that one wrong action against the environment will lead to the earths destruction (Schimdt 1828). Granted that this information usually comes from extremist groups, it does lend to the clout in environmental education. The biased information stems from textbooks that make readers feel guilty about the way they live: In the United States, fuel is wasted and used carelessly. The United States has 6 percent of the worlds population but uses 35 percent of the energy available in the worldHeated pools and hot tubs are seen as necessities in some parts of the U nited States. This is not true for other countries. (Schimdt 1829)This is an example of bias in textbooks. From this, one gets the impression that U.S. citizens are the problem and if an American reader was to glance at this, he or she would feel guilty about the luxuries that he or she owns. The guilt factor, while it is one way for allowing people to realize that their actions and comforts are damaging the environment, also hinders progress and productivity. Critics say that education should not make people feel awful for their actions, but let them realize that they need to change their habits and treatment of the environment. Advocates would see the example as fact, and it should make people realize, specifically U.S. citizens, that their living habits are the only contributors to the deterioration of the environment. Change should come to the U.S. citizens, because it is proven that their actions hurt the environment. These two opposing sides provide a problem in environmental education because they are always arguing what should and should not be taught to people. The solution would be to organize the information in a complete, unquestionable manner, so that people will be aware of the environmental problem and stop their destructive actions. Once the education materials and practices are set in place, teaching it to

The Theresa Andrews Case

The Theresa Andrews Case In September 2000, Jon and Teresa Andrews were busy getting ready to enter into parenthood. The young couple was childhood sweethearts and had been married for four years when they decided to begin building a family. Who would know that a chance meeting with another pregnant woman, while in the baby department of a store, would result in murder, kidnapping, and suicide? Summer of 2000 Michelle Bica, 39, shared the good news about her pregnancy with friends and family. She and her husband Thomas prepared their Ravenna, Ohio home for the arrival of their new baby girl by installing baby monitors, setting up a nursery, and buying baby supplies. The couple was jubilant about the pregnancy, especially after the miscarriage Michelle had suffered the year before.  Michelle donned maternity clothing, showed friends the baby sonogram, attended birthing classes, and other than her due date which kept getting pushed forward, her pregnancy appeared to be progressing normally. A Chance Meeting? During a shopping trip to the baby department at Wal-Mart, the Bicas met Jon and Teresa Andrews, who were also expecting their first child. The couples chatted about the cost of baby supplies and discovered that they lived just four streets away from each other. They also talked about due dates, genders, and other normal baby talk. Days following that meeting Michelle announced that there had been a mistake with her sonogram and that her baby was actually a boy. Teresa Andrews Disappears On Sept. 27, Jon Andrews received a call at work from Teresa at around 9 a.m. She was trying to sell her jeep and a woman had called saying she was interested in buying it.  Jon cautioned her to be careful and throughout the day tried to reach her to see how she was and if she sold the jeep, but his calls went unanswered. When he returned home he discovered both Teresa and the jeep were gone although she had left behind her purse and cell phone. He knew then that something was wrong and feared that his wife was in danger. Four Streets Over On the same day, Thomas Bica also received a call at his job from his wife. It was great news. Michelle, in a series of dramatic events, had given birth to their new baby boy. She explained that her water broke and she was taken to a hospital in an ambulance, had given birth, but was sent home with the newborn because of a tuberculosis scare at the hospital. Family and friends were told the good news and over the next week people came by to see the Bicas new baby which they named Michael Thomas. Friends described Thomas as a classic new dad who was ecstatic about their new baby. Michelle, however, seemed distant and depressed. She talked about the news of the missing woman and said she was not going to display the new baby flag in the yard out of respect for the Andrewses. The Investigation The following week, investigators tried to piece together clues into Teresas disappearance. A break in the case came when they identified the woman through phone records who called Theresa about the car. The woman was Michelle Bica. During the first interview with detectives, Michelle appeared evasive and nervous when she told them about her activities on Sept. 27. When the FBI checked out her story they found that she had never been to the hospital and there was not a tuberculosis scare. Her story appeared to be a lie. On October 2, detectives returned to do a second interview with Michelle, but as they pulled into the driveway, she locked herself in a bedroom, put a gun into her mouth, and shot and killed herself. Thomas was found outside the locked bedroom door in tears. The body of Teresa Andrews was found in a shallow grave covered in gravel inside the Bicas garage. She had been shot in the back and her abdomen had been cut opened and her baby removed. Authorities took the newborn baby from the Bica home to the hospital. After several days of testing,  DNA results proved that the baby belonged to Jon Andrews. The Aftermath Thomas Bica told police he believed everything Michelle had told him about her pregnancy and the birth of their son. He was given 12 hours of polygraph examinations which he passed. This along with the results of the investigation convinced the authorities that Thomas was not involved in the crime. Oscar Gavin Andrews Jon Andrews was left to mourn the loss of his childhood sweetheart, wife, and mother of his child. He found some solace in the fact that the baby, renamed as Teresa had always wanted, Oscar Gavin Andrews, had miraculously survived the brutal attack.

Stop. Think. Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stop. Think. Action - Essay Example The study has been supported with the storyline and flowchart, all of which elucidate the tools and techniques I applied to overcome the situation in a creative way. Since I strongly believe in divergent thinking, because of its offering multidimensional alternative solutions of the challenges and problems (Hudson, 1967), I have described its application in my professional life as well as its outcomes in my personal career growth, which has been elaborated in the following lines. I had been appointed as a HR manager at a real estate corporate firm, which could not be regarded as an established organisation at the time of my getting recruited at there. Since the company offered commission-based employment to the professionals, almost 90% of the employees were commission-based sales personnel, who would obtain 30% of the business they had generated for the company. Hence, the company would pay more heed and respect to the personnel, who tend to bring business and finances through clients and customers. Despite the fact that the company had appointed me against the monthly salary, its financial condition appears to be stating that I would also have to carry out some business deals as a real estate agent to ensure my salary to be paid. One of the firm’s directors also indirectly hinted the same that generating payments for the salary-based employees could be challenging for the company. I had got that job after over five and half years of unemployment. Since I had very bitter experience of leading the life of a jobless person, I did not want to lose it at any cost. Besides, I was well aware of the reality that my survival depends upon getting involved into business generating activities. Consequently, I pounced into a divergent thinking plan to escape getting fired at the hands of the management. I developed my personal SWOT analysis, where I regarded my graduate degree in sociology as one of my most

Alternatives to formal compulsory schooling Essay

Alternatives to formal compulsory schooling - Essay Example As Illich claims, almost all high cost educational programs that launched in the US were failure. They could not make any notable improvement in the learning of the marginalized children. A comparison with their classmates who are from middle income families reveals that they have further fallen back. The reasons for the failure of such programs were that the allocated fund, though it seemed to be huge, was insufficient to improve the performance of children who outnumbered the amount. Moreover, the fund was not concentrated only on the poor children; the children from upper class also had a share from it. In order to make such programs a success, the fund must be directed to the beneficiary, allowing them to buy their share to be utilized at their will. In the words of the writer, neither in North America nor in Latin America the poor get equality from universal education. One of the basic objectives of universal education is to provide a child with his social responsibilities. Even after being educated, the mindset of the people is not changed, so, the legacy of compulsory education must be questioned and judged severely. Across the world, especially in the US, the school has an anti-educational effect on the society as the schools deviated from its basic cause for which they were set up. Nowadays, people regard education as very costly, very complex and an impossible affair due to the failures of the schools. The monopoly of imparting education is not bestowed only on schools, but schools discourage other institutions from assuming educational tasks. The Supreme Court Justice William Douglas opines that â€Å"the only way to establish an institution is to finance it† (Illich). This is true in the case of schools that only by channeling dollar away from the parents the schools admit students. In the US, the per capita rate for a school has increased in such a way that for the past couple of years the rate of increase was unbearable. This phenomenon is apparent among the private schools and only rich parents can afford private education for their children. Thus, compulsory welfare may lead to further impoverishment. Obligated schooling divided the society and graded it according to an education based caste system. Societies are considered as castes and distinction is made by the average years of schooling by the members. What is happening in the school is a person learns a given skill with the largest expenditure of public funds that too for the attainment of a diploma which has no relation to any useful skill or job. According to Illich, schools provide neither justice nor learning, because the educators are adamant on a package of instructions with certification. Schools provide links to one’s roles in the society, but fail to make them efficiently play their roles. Aside from this, schools hold back instructions to those students whose every step in learning suits formerly approved measures of social control. Pupils are not given adequate opportunity for enhancing their skills with the help of a right teacher who can highly motivate them without the constraints of curriculum. Skill learning for inventive and creative behavior must be promoted by institutional arrangement, though they are often opposed nature. Schools are performing badly because they fail to distinguish between learning and education. Schools confuse teaching with learning, education with grade advancement and fluency with the ability to speak

Questions For A Second Reading Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questions For A Second Reading - Assignment Example Richard Miller organizes the whole chapter in further sub heading in an easy manner so as to give something useful in his all passage from major points to lower one. Its very first passage tells about the failure of modern world. According to him the problem actually lies in the advancement of technology and all the imagination unrestricted by realities that has called forth, which has dimmed the line between reality world and fantasy, between fact and fiction. Therefore he has given stress on the use of old fashioned and modest way of entertainment like reading novels, books and other story books that create a strong human interaction in man and always keep the man in reality. He first gives the example of modern world with Columbine Massacre and its failure. Miller has described all the problems of modern world in an organized manner and selected the major problems lies in the modern world in a very easy way. He at start tells about two master minded boys, Harris and Dylan Klebold, were outsiders in whom one was follower and one is leader indulged in evil activities, killed many adults and finally were in funerals, himself in his writing did not accept the idea of blaming others on his actions. Miller has started from the problems of Harris then goes to further more critical problems in a very systematic and organized manner. He forces us to think how do the threats of unforeseen and unpredictable can be eliminated either with the help of educational system or legal system. According to him problem should be stopped at its roots. It should not be increased. It is a challenge for legal and education institution to control the problem from its ground. Miller has used lexis phonic and dense style in his writing. His writing style is very cognitive and knowledgeable. He shows that such a long sentence with a lot of antonyms and large words do not always correlate and give such

Ethics in Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics in Business - Research Paper Example One of the most important qualities a business leader must have to remain ethical is the ability to maintain divided and often contradictory loyalties. When thought about most basically, a business leader is often a middle person between two other groups who have mutually opposing desires: board members who would like maximization of profits, and employees who want to maximize their own value for work. If imagined in the utmost simplicity, shareholders would prefer that all work be done for free so long as the quality remains sufficient, and employees would all prefer that they get paid for nothing, and these are incompatible goals. One of the fundamental problems for a business leader is how to treat both of these groups ethically. Many business leaders have a fiduciary responsibility to stockholders to maximize their profits while also having an ethical, legal, and often business interest in keeping the workforce happy and healthy.There have been several suggested solutions to thes e problems, which would allow a business leader to think of these competing interests as part of the same goal. Amongst the most prominent of these is stakeholder theory. This theory essentially states that many of these conflicts can be dealt with theoretically by imagining everyone involved as being â€Å"stakeholders,† whose interests must be collectively guarded. Firstly, it can have a paralytic effect (Heath 2006), because it does not deal with the fact that individual stakeholders will still have competing goals.

Running Header Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Running Header - Essay Example Language is the tool for expression of thought. This is the central idea whereby this paper is conceived, since we want to establish the role that language play in the process of thinking. My family have been blessed with opportunity and a particular fascination with travelling, my mother works for a magazine company and she writes articles about the places she visits while my father works for an executive corporation that practically has offices in almost all major cities in Asia. We do family trips every summer and this year we visited Shanghai, one of my memorable trips in the Far East. One of the things I immediately notice, the first day we arrived is that the city was "buzzing" with different kinds of noise. Their streets were as busy as the time square in New York, and most of the people drive bicycle to get them to their destination. I had difficulty going around town since most of them only speak their "native tongue" and there were few people who can converse in English. I had to cut my first day short and went back to our hotel to "catch some sleep". The next day was filled will "breathtaking" scenery from ancient China we visited temples and monasteries, a nd saw few artefacts and went insides old palaces with huge statues of ancient Important Chinese personality. It made me feel like I did "time travel", like I was in the time those dynasties and the emperors. I never thought I could relive and personally witness the evidence of ancient Chinese civilization, that I saw the things that were written only in the academic books I read in class. Now I understand what culture does to a country, I can now relate better to the lessons learn from the mistakes of the past. We returned home with rich memories of ancient China, I immediately framed all the still photos I took and hanged it in one corner of my room to constantly remind me of the knowledge I acquired during this trip. Language no matter how diverse and difficult and in spite of its diversity, play an important role in our critical thinking because it is the key to understanding, according to Philip Atkinson. "It is the expression of thought, an act of translating thoughts into words thereby refining understanding" (Atkinson. 2004). Language enables man to define the process of his thoughts and make sense of it. "Language is the 'software' that allows our brain to think the way it does, without language the cerebral cortex lies largely unused" (Kirby & Goodpaster. 1999). With advance technology and globalisation, language highlights the identification of a major medium of communication that is comprehensible to many, this will define the aims, goals and intention that the thought process wants to attain, it will clarify the subject matter to discuss and set aside the non-issues. Language can also be limiting in the sense that the capacity to ascribe a particular word to a meaning can sometimes be inadequate owing to the inability to completely convey the message it wants to convey (Chomsky. 2004). Language can also empower our thoughts in the sense that enables us to identify the very core of an idea, an

Accounting Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accounting Proposal - Essay Example The current revolution in the information technology industry has had an important impact on the accounting information systems (AIS).Traditional bookkeeping and accounting methods proved to consume more time and involved a lot of resources and in extension, led to high costs of production. Improvement in IT has led to the development of computers and thus facilitated the easy computerization of accounting (Prasad & Green, 2015). I intend to pursue an accounting project focussed on finding out effective and efficient ways through which small businesses can incorporate the usage of computerized accounting systems to reduce the accounting workload. My project will be titled â€Å"Integrating computerized accounting into small scale businesses.† The research study has a very broad scope. The project covers a variety of aspects that are useful in various ways to different people. It enables small scale businesses to find out the expectations of customers about tally accounting software. Moreover, it shows various reasons for selecting different accounting packages and also gives a representation of customer satisfaction after the usage of accounting software by the business. My project focuses on small businesses that do not see the need to incorporate computerized Accounting Information Systems because they are small and consequently will not benefit much. Computerized accounting information systems have caused the substitution of manual bookkeeping systems with digital ones. Manual processing of data is slow and prone to error, unlike computerized accounting (Prasad & Green, 2015). Improvements in technology have resulted in quicker ways of collecting, processing and retrieval of data. Automated accounting systems have taken over the functions of manual accounting systems. An example of such functions is the data input function. In manual accounting, the data capture happened together with the source documents

Running Header Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Running Header - Essay Example Language is the tool for expression of thought. This is the central idea whereby this paper is conceived, since we want to establish the role that language play in the process of thinking. My family have been blessed with opportunity and a particular fascination with travelling, my mother works for a magazine company and she writes articles about the places she visits while my father works for an executive corporation that practically has offices in almost all major cities in Asia. We do family trips every summer and this year we visited Shanghai, one of my memorable trips in the Far East. One of the things I immediately notice, the first day we arrived is that the city was "buzzing" with different kinds of noise. Their streets were as busy as the time square in New York, and most of the people drive bicycle to get them to their destination. I had difficulty going around town since most of them only speak their "native tongue" and there were few people who can converse in English. I had to cut my first day short and went back to our hotel to "catch some sleep". The next day was filled will "breathtaking" scenery from ancient China we visited temples and monasteries, a nd saw few artefacts and went insides old palaces with huge statues of ancient Important Chinese personality. It made me feel like I did "time travel", like I was in the time those dynasties and the emperors. I never thought I could relive and personally witness the evidence of ancient Chinese civilization, that I saw the things that were written only in the academic books I read in class. Now I understand what culture does to a country, I can now relate better to the lessons learn from the mistakes of the past. We returned home with rich memories of ancient China, I immediately framed all the still photos I took and hanged it in one corner of my room to constantly remind me of the knowledge I acquired during this trip. Language no matter how diverse and difficult and in spite of its diversity, play an important role in our critical thinking because it is the key to understanding, according to Philip Atkinson. "It is the expression of thought, an act of translating thoughts into words thereby refining understanding" (Atkinson. 2004). Language enables man to define the process of his thoughts and make sense of it. "Language is the 'software' that allows our brain to think the way it does, without language the cerebral cortex lies largely unused" (Kirby & Goodpaster. 1999). With advance technology and globalisation, language highlights the identification of a major medium of communication that is comprehensible to many, this will define the aims, goals and intention that the thought process wants to attain, it will clarify the subject matter to discuss and set aside the non-issues. Language can also be limiting in the sense that the capacity to ascribe a particular word to a meaning can sometimes be inadequate owing to the inability to completely convey the message it wants to convey (Chomsky. 2004). Language can also empower our thoughts in the sense that enables us to identify the very core of an idea, an

Self-Assessment Essay Example for Free

Self-Assessment Essay This document contains the template you will use to complete this assignment. Save the file by adding your last name to the filename (e.g. Week2_Self_Assessment_Template_Smith.docx). Be sure to proofread and spell check your work before you submit it. A grading rubric is also available at the end of this document. There are FOUR parts to the Self-Assessment. Part 1: Reflect on your results from the self-assessment exercises you’ve done from the textbook, as well as others you might have done in the past, and complete the table below. Review current or past jobs to identify your transferable skills. Develop an inventory of your most marketable career-related skills (minimum 15), instances where you have demonstrated these skills (minimum three), and the core values you want your work to reflect (minimum five). Take into consideration the traits employers are seeking, including technical and transferable skills and general abilities. (30 POINTS) SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES MY RESULTS I completed the following assessments/inventories as part of my self-assessment activities: 1.Marketing Readiness Quiz 2.Self-Awareness Checklist 3.Ability Assessment 4.Personality Check 5.Transferable Skills Checklist 6.Work Environment and Preferences My most marketable career-related skills are . . . (minimum 15) (Remember to include technical and transferable skills on this list!) 1.Microsoft Word proficiency 2.Social Skills 3.Organization 4.Ability to delegate 5. Microsoft Excel proficiency 6.Ability to lead and motivate peers 7.Responsibility 8.Hard working nature and perseverance 9.Technical abilities 10.Fast ability to learn 11.Ability to handle high stress situation 12.Timeliness 13.Efficiency at completing task at hand 14.Neatness 15.Ability to interact positively with many people Examples of instances where I have demonstrated these skills include . . . (minimum 3) 1.past jobs involving computer skills 2.past jobs involving social interactions 3.past jobs in which I have had leadership responsibilities Core values I want my work to reflect are . . . (minimum 5) 1.Honesty 2.Integrity 3.Reliability 4.Dependability 5.Trustworthiness Part 2: Describe your ideal job. (20 POINTS) MY IDEAL JOB In my ideal job, I would be . . . (state what you see yourself doing as part of your ideal job) In a position in which I hold a leadership position so I could use my skills in a positive way to lead and manage other employees to motivate them to produce the best work possible. I am not particular concerned about the specific industry in which I would be working, as long as I have the ability to use all of my technical skills in a productive way. All in all, my ideal job is one in which I feel productive and making a positive difference on the organization because I want my skills and talents to be put to a productive use. Part 3: Identify your one-, two-, and five-year career goals, create a list of possible employers of choice in your career field (minimum 3), possible job titles for your one-, two-, and five-year goals (one for each goal), and current salary ranges for those job  titles. (30 POINTS) CAREER GOALS Career Goals Potential Employers (minimum 3) Possible Job Titles (minimum 3) Current Salary Ranges (for each job title) My one-year career goal is . . . (state your goal here) 1. Cameron 2. Hewlett-Packard 3. HCL Technologies 1.Network Engineer 2.Network Technician 3.Network Administrator 1.$48-70k 2.$40-55k 3.$42-66k My two-year career goal is . . . (state your goal here) 1. Exelon Corporation 2. Rockwell Automation 3. Marathon Oil 1.Network Analyst 2.Electronics Technician 3.Production Engineer 1.$40-90k 2.$31-53k 3.$48-71k My five-year career goal is . . . (state your goal here) 1.FMC Technologies 2.Emerson 3.G.E 1. Electrical Engineer 2. Senior Engineering Technician 3. Controls Engineer 1.$51-100k 2.$47-83k 3.$76-123k Part 4: Provide a summary of what you have learned about yourself and the characteristics of your dream job as a result of the reflection and research you have done as part of this assignment (minimum 100 words). (20 POINTS) MY LEARNINGS I have learned a great deal about myself and the characteristics of my dream job as a result of the reflection and research that I have done as part of this assignment. I have realized that the most important thing to me is the ability to make difference in whatever field I choose to engage. I used to think that I had an interest in a particular industry, but I have realized that my ability to adapt to new situations would make me a viable employee in numerous fields. Therefore, my dream job is not very specific but can be in a variety fields, as long as I can have a positive impact on my employees and the organization. Grading Rubric: Self-Assessment Component Points Part 1: Award full credit if all sections meet minimum requirements. Deduct up to 20 points depending on how incomplete the responses are. No points awarded if the section is not completed. Deduct up to 5 points for spelling and grammatical errors. 30 Part 2: Award full credit if the ideal job is described sufficiently. Deduct up to 10 points for incomplete responses. No points awarded if the section is not completed. Deduct up to 5 points for spelling and grammatical errors. 20 Part 3: Award full credit if all sections meet minimum requirements. Deduct up to 20 points depending on how incomplete the responses are. No points  awarded if the section is not completed. Deduct up to 5 points for spelling and grammatical errors. 30 Part 4: Award full credit if the student has provided a reflective summary of their learnings. Deduct up to 10 points if the response is incomplete. No points awarded if the section is not completed. Deduct up to 5 points for spelling and grammatical errors. 20

What Is Sugar Sweetened Beverages Health And Social Care Essay

What Is Sugar Sweetened Beverages Health And Social Care Essay Sugar sweetened beverage means any nonalcoholic beverage Carbonated or noncarbonated, which is intended for human consumption and contains any added caloric sweetener. [1] In addition, it contains more than 10 calories per 8 ounce. These beverages include: sweetened water, non diet soda, fruit or vegetable drinks containing less than 70 % natural fruit or vegetable juice, sports drinks, energy drinks and sweetened bottled coffee or tea. Sugar sweetened beverages provide little or no nutritional value, but contain huge amount of sugar. [2] Ø ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾.. One 12-ounce can of sugar-sweetened soda contains 150 calories and 40 to 50 grams of sugar. If these calories are added to a typical US diet with no offsetting reduction in other caloric sources, one can of soda per day can lead to a 15-pound weight gain in a year. A better mechanism for weight gain could not have been developed than introducing a liquid carbohydrate with calories that are not fully compensated for by increasing satiety. Liquid calories are a relatively new addition to the human diet-perhaps the human satiety circuit has not yet adapted to register these calories for what they are. Dr. Caroline Apovian, Sugar-Sweetened Soft Drinks, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes, American Medical Association,2004; Emerging_ evidence_ also_ suggests_ that_ higher_ consumption_of_ sugar_sweetened_ soft_ drinks_ may_ raise_ the_risk_of_developing_type_2_diabetes_and_the_metabolic_syndrome._Soft_drinks_contain_large_amounts_ of_ simple_ sugars,_ which_ can_ induce_ higher_ glycemic_ and_ insulinemic_ responses._ Soft_ drinks_ are_ an_ important_source_of_glycemic_load_in_the_diet,_which_has_been_associated_with_the_risk_of_developing_ type_2_diabetes_and_cardiovascular_disease. Frank B. Hu MD, PhD, SUGAR_SWEETENED_SOFTDRINK__ CONSUMPTION_AND_RISK_OF_TYPE_2__ DIABETES_AND_CARDIOVASCULAR_RISK,CMR,2009;2,2,13-18 Health consequences of (SSB): In fact, sugar sweetened beverages cause health risks both because of what they include (mainly sugars, extra calories, and various additives) and what they replace in the diet (foods and beverages that provide minerals, vitamins, and other nutrients). SSB and Obesity: Obesity becomes the most prevalence public health problem that increases dramatically. The prevalence of overweight is tripled in children and adult. There are many environmental factors that associated with development of obesity due to change in food and beverage consumption. These factors that may influence children to consume soft drinks are different such as taste, preference, soft drink availability and television viewing. From the survey which was done for 560 American children, the researchers found that over 80% of respondent consume soda at least weekly, and 30% consume soda daily [3]. Also they found that these children who consume soft drinks, their parents and peers share them and they watched TV 3.5hday and have easily access to soft drinks in both home and school. Researchers also found that there is association between increased sweetened beverage and increase in BMI. Some studies show a clear relationship between consumption of sugar sweetened beverage, particularly soft drinks, and increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Knowing the factors that contribute to the consumption of soft drinks will aid in prevention and treatment of overweight in children and adolescent. Dietitian must increase parents awareness of unhealthy life style, behavior, help them to control familys eating habits, limit watching TV. For children who are at risk of overweight, limit access to soft drinks and decrease TV viewing [4]. In some point, families and their children may resist making life style changes, so addressing these factors may encourage them to make decision in their eating habits. Family can also develop a strategy to modify their life style and improve their health, so the results will be healthier children, families who can battle the epidemic of obesity [5]. Indeed a number of large scale epidemiological studies have found consistent positive associations between SSB consumption and long-term weight gain and risk of chronic diseases including metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), T2DM and CHD. SSB consumption is thought to lead to weight gain because of the high added sugars content and low satiety of these beverages and incomplete compensation for total energy at subsequent meals following intake of liquid calories. In addition, because of their high amounts of rapidly absorbable carbohydrates such as sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), coupled with the large quantities often consumed, SSBs may increase risk of T2DM independent of obesity as a potential contributor to a high dietary glycemic load (GL) which lead to inflammation , insulin resistance, and impaired beta-cell function. Hu FB, Malik VS, Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes: Epidemiologic evidence, Physiol Behav (2010), doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.0 1.036 Several recent studies suggest that increased abdominal adiposity and waist circumference (W_ C) is a strong predictor of all cause mortality [7]. The consumption of nonalcoholic carbonated beverages or soft drinks and sweetened juices by children has rapidly increased during short period displacing water and nutrient dense beverage such as dairy products. [8] As it stated before that obesity among children becomes a big health concern around the world. The prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst children in Qatar state has previously been reported between 37.5% and 41.6 % [9] males and females children respectively. In general, obesity presents an entirely new set of public health problem reported in Qatar, considering a major risk factor for non- communicable diseases. Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease [10], Diabetes [11] and certain types of cancer [12]. It can also be associated with non- fatal but debilitating illnesses such as respiratory difficulties, infertility and musculoskeletal disorders [13]. According to data available in previous studies, overweight and obesity among Qatari adolescents from both sexes are 23.6% and 36.5% [14] females and males respectively. Childhood corpulence is a predictor for adult disease [15]. In particular recent studies have shown that increased BMI in childhood may predict the occurrence of obesity in adulthood [16, 17]. In children as apposed to adults, the BMI values vary with both age and gender, thus the proffered assessment is BMI- for- age, in which children with body mass index (BMI) for age between 85th and 95th percentile are classified as being overweight and those in the à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 95th percentile are considered obese [18]. Excessive calorie intake in the form of a number of macronutrients has been associated with weight gain. energy intake from sugar- sweetened beverage (SSB) now accounts for a significant fraction of the total caloric intake of young people[19], and consumption has been implicated in promoting obesity in several ,but not all studies[20]. The World Health Organization has implicated the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) as probable contributor to the obesity epidemic. The National Food Survey in the United Kingdom documented a five fold increase in household consumption of SSBs between 1974 and 1999, from 180 to 976 g/wk. A similar trend was observed in the United States, where the average daily consumption of SSBs by children (6 to 17 y of age) more than doubled between 1977 and 1998, from 150 to 350 g/d (5 to 12 oz/d) [21]. Sucrose, fructose and glucose -sweetened beverage intake has been associated with poor diet quality and fast food consumption [22]. In a study published in United State, they include desire to drink DD scale which measure difference in the quality and frequency with which children want to drink. Behavioral correlate of DD: High scoreÆ’Â   more frequent desire to have drink but indication of type of drink. DD relates to thirstÆ’Â   scores should be associated to or with all consumption of all drinks. DD relates to liking for sweet things in mouthÆ’Â   high score would be expected to consume higher quantities of sweetened beverage [23]. Consumption of SSB and obesity in childhood Studies reviewed Several studies have been published examining the potential contribution of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) to weight gain in children. There are many cross-sectional studies identified, some of these reported a positive association between the frequencies of intake sugar sweetened drinks and obesity while some found no association. Overall, there is extensive evidence that sugary drinks contribute to weight gain in children. Both baseline intake and changes in the intakes of these drinks are associated with an increase risk of weight gain in both children and adolescents Ludwig DS, Peterson KE, Gortmaker SL. Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: a prospective observational analysis. Lancet 2001; 357:505-508. A study conducted in United State on sample of 10,371 boys and girls aged 2-19 years from representative US sample. The results were positive linked that overweight children BMI > 95th consume a grater % of energy from soft drinks and total beverages than non-overweight children. Troiano RP, Briefel RR, Carroll MD, Bialostosky K. Energy and fat intakes of children and adolescents in the United States: data from the National Health and Examination Surveys. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72:1343S-1353S. Another study conducted on 185 Canadian children aged 4-16 years also indicated appositive association between high consumption of SSB and increase BMI and overweight. Gillis LJ, Bar-Or O. Food away from home, sugar-sweetened drink consumption and juvenile obesity. J Am Coll Nutr 2003; 22:539-545. The results of a study on 3048 multi- ethnic New Zealand children from both gender aged 5-14 years stated that children dinking soft drinks > 1 per day had higher mean BMI than those with intake Scragg R, Wilson N, Schaaf D, Fitzgerald E, Utter J. Risk factor for obesity in New Zealand children aged 5-14 years: results from the 2002 national Children.s Nutrition Survey. Australasian Epidemiologist 2004;11:23-24. Findings from small food consumption studies from various countries including South Africa, the Philippines and New Zealand are also indicative of high consumption levels of sugar sweetened beverages. A recent study was conducted in Saudi Arabia, a total study sample consisted of 9433 males and females aged 10- 19 years old participated in a designed Food Frequency Questionnaire. BMI and W_C measurements were obtained and correlated with dietary Intake. The results show that the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 12.2% and 27.0% respectively, with boys having higher obesity rates than girls. W_C and BMI was positively correlated with sugar sweetened carbonated beverages (SSCB) intake in boys only. Kate S Collison, Marya Z Zaidi, Shazia N Subhani.al, Sugar- sweetened carbonated beverage consumption correlated with BMI, waist circumference, and poor dietary choices in school children, BMC Public Health, 2010;10: 234,2-12. Bones and osteoporosis People who prefer to drink soft drinks and or any type of sweetened beverages instead of milk or other daily products probable their intake of calcium will be low and this will lead to osteoporosis, which is a disease that cause bone fragile and broken . The risk factor of osteoporosis depends on how much bones mass is built up early in life. Girls build 92 percent of their bone mass by age 18, but if they dont consume sufficient calcium in their teenage years, they can not catch up later. Thats why experts recommend higher calcium intakes for youths aged 9 to 18 than for adults aged 19 to 50 [24]. Although osteoporosis takes decades to develop, preliminary research suggests that the lower calcium intake that may result for example from drinking soda pop instead of milk can contribute to broken bones in children [25]. Heart Disease Heart disease is the nations number- one killer. Some of the most important causes are diets high in saturated and trans fats and cholesterol. In many adults, a diet or beverage that is high in sugar may also be a modest contributor to heart disease [ 26]. A study of young adults (19 to 38 years old) in Louisiana found a strong association between consumption of sweetened beverages and risk factors for syndrome X [27]. Diabetes In fact, soft drinks are harmful for people with diabetes since one pack of them contain 33 grams of table sugars (sucrose) and this type of sugar is absorbed rapidly which will raise blood sugars quickly. This action impacts negatively on controlling diabetes [28]. Kidney stones Kidney stones consider as one of the most painful disorders to distress humans and one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. Researchers had subjects consume large volume of cola drinks for one or several days. The next day, the subjects urine contained higher levels of oxalate and lower levels of magnesium and citrate, changes that could contribute to kidney stone formation [29 ]. SSB and Tooth Decay Scientists have noticed a connection between soft drink consumption and dental health. Like obesity (or any issue involving human health), tooth decay is a complex subject. It is the result of many factors, including the types of foods that are consumed and frequency of eating occasions. Foods that are sticky and cling to the teeth are more likely to cause tooth decay. The amount of time that sugar remains in contact with teeth is another important variable. Soft drinks and other sugar-containing liquids pass over the teeth very quickly. A recent study examined dental caries and beverage consumption among 1- to 5-year-old children and found an association between soft drinks and increased caries. Marr Barr,Longmont, Colorado, Soft Drinks, Childhood Overweight, and the Role of Nutrition Educators, Nutrition Education and Behavior, 2004; 36:258-265. In addition, drinking soft drinks between meals was found to increase the number of dental decay and caries in a twenty-year longitudinal study. As a result of an increasing consumption of soft drinks and commercial fruit juices, over the past years, the prevalence of dental erosion and decay has increased dramatically. Acids from the soft drinks have been known to induce the dissolution or erosion of dental enamel as well as caries lesion due to the combined effect of bacteria and degradation of carbohydrates present in the drinks [30]. Nationally, there is great concern about the effects of carbonated- beverages consumption on obesity, osteoporosis, heart diseases, tooth decay, and other health problems. Sites in blue is Okay  Ã…